Analysis of the Criticism and Defense of Feminism in Social Discourse: A Case of Patriarchal Protection in Sports

Carolina Vázquez Rodríguez; Carmen Martínez Martínez; Inés Herás; Maite Martín-Aragón Gelabert; M.ª Carmen Terol Cantero

doi:10.14198/fem.2025.45.10

Autores/as

Carolina Vázquez Rodríguez Universidad Miguel Hernández, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8719-413X
Carmen Martínez Martínez Universidad de Murcia, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5600-2863
Inés Herás Universidad de Salamanca, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7285-4353
Maite Martín-Aragón Gelabert Universidad Miguel Hernández, España https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6562-6184
M.ª Carmen Terol Cantero Universidad Miguel Hernández, España https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3445-8883

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.14198/fem.2025.45.10

Palabras clave:

Mujeres, Patriarcado, Neosexismo, Feminismo, Misoginia moderna, Discurso social, Igualdad, Análisis temático, Mujeres deportistas

Resumen

El discurso social contra el feminismo se ha hecho más amplio y explícito. Esto está generando una polémica que se plasma en diversos ámbitos. Nuestra investigación muestra esta polémica analizando los comentarios realizados en las versiones digitales de los periódicos sobre un regalo otorgado a las jugadoras de squash en un torneo celebrado en el norte de España en 2019, que incluía un vibrador, una lima eléctrica para los pies y cera depilatoria. A partir de cuarenta titulares de periódicos españoles, latinoamericanos y británicos, el conjunto de datos obtenido fue de 1.279 comentarios. Mediante un análisis temático, los comentarios se clasificaron en seis subtemas: género, ofensa, política, sexualidad, contexto y patrocinador. Los subtemas se agruparon en tres temas: nueva misoginia, indignación sexista y defensa corporativa. Dos discursos enfrentados, ambos basados en dos opuestos hombre/mujer, igualdad/discriminación, muestran el conflicto social y político de la sociedad española. Sin embargo, no se cuestiona a la empresa patrocinadora. El género aparece como un acto performativo cuya reproducción mantiene una relación tensa entre lo que se presenta como dos imágenes diferentes de la mujer: real/normal versus feminista. Los resultados indican que los comentarios reflejan actitudes muy arraigadas sobre el género y el poder, utilizando un sexismo ambivalente y una retórica antifeminista para mantener el statu quo, y cómo el patrocinio empresarial se presenta como un mecanismo de justificación. El debate se centra en el discurso social que opone el modelo feminista al patriarcal. Desde la llamada nueva misoginia, que presenta a los hombres como discriminados, se utiliza un falso paralelismo que tergiversa el concepto de igualdad, acepta un orden prediscursivo sobre la sexualidad de las mujeres y el neoliberalismo a través de la defensa del mercado corporativo.

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