¡Menuda perra! La representación de las mujeres como perras en campañas de violencia de género
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/fem.2025.45.09Palabras clave:
Perra, Deshumanización, Metáfora, Violencia de género, Campañas sobre violencia de género, Misoginia, Representación de las mujeres, Teoría de la metáfora conceptualResumen
Este trabajo examina la representación de las mujeres como «perras» en campañas de violencia de género. Analiza un corpus compilado para este fin compuesto por 22 campañas datadas de 1999 a 2023 procedentes de 17 países en las que las mujeres aparecen representadas como una «perra». Muchas de estas campañas han sido financiadas por gobiernos nacionales o autonómicos; otras, por organizaciones no gubernamentales o en defensa de la infancia. Algunas campañas han nacido en internet, a raíz de letras de canciones e incluso en murales callejeros. Constituyen, por tanto, un amplio repertorio de campañas de diversa naturaleza e impacto mediático. Algunas se han creado en formato póster mientras que otras se han producido como anuncios en radio o televisión e incluso en documentales cortos. Constituyen, por lo tanto, un amplio y diverso repertorio de campañas de violencia de género. El proyecto tiene en cuenta la representación lingüística, visual y acústica de las mujeres como perras dado que varias campañas yuxtaponen fotografías de mujeres maltratadas con perras animales, caracterizan a las mujeres como perras literales al presentarlas arrodilladas y con una correa alrededor de su cuello que sujeta un hombre e incluso evocan la imagen canina de la mujer por medio de juegos de palabras y onomatopeyas. El estudio utiliza el Procedimiento de Identificación de Metáfora para la identificación y codificación de la metáfora «perra». A través de la lente de la Teoría de la Metáfora Conceptual, el artículo demuestra que las campañas de violencia de género recurren a «perra» para ilustrar cómo este insulto tan corriente contribuye a la deshumanización, cosificación, sexualización y denigración de las mujeres. Asimismo, el estudio revela que, a pesar de las diferencias culturales y lingüísticas de los diferentes países donde se han producido las campañas de violencia de género (España, México, Colombia, China, Reino Unido, Canadá, Estados Unidos, Perú, Australia, Francia, Líbano, Italia, Noruega, Dinamarca, etc.), «perra» constituye el eje central de la violencia de género. El estudio demuestra, ante todo, la íntima relación que existe entre «perra» y (el discurso de) la violencia de género.
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