«Belleza salvaje»: representaciones de mujeres como animales en las campañas de PETA y en los desfiles de Alexander McQueen
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.14198/fem.2013.22.09Palabras clave:
Ecocrítica, Ecofeminismo, Mujeres y animales, Ecofeminismo animal, PETA, McQueen. AlexanderResumen
El ecofeminismo ha denunciado la animalización de las mujeres en la publicidad porque perpetua la opresión de las mujeres y de los animales. Sin embargo, esta identificación no solo aparece en la publicidad. En 1990 PETA (Personas por el Trato Ético para los Animales) inició una campaña contra la industria peletera en la que aparecían famosas playmates de Playboy. Esta campaña provocó las críticas de algunas feministas que la calificaron de pornográfica. Por otro lado, en 2011 el Museo Metropolitano de Arte inauguró la exposición “Belleza salvaje” dedicada al diseñador de moda Alexander McQueen. Esta exposición muestra el gusto de McQueen por convertir a sus modelos femeninas en animales al vestirlas con plumas o ponerles astas de ciervo a modo de tocado. Este artículo pretende analizar el uso de la imagen de la mujer como animal en la publicidad, las campañas de PETA, y los desfiles de McQueen con el fin de defender que a veces puede servir como un instrumento de empoderamiento de la mujer.Citas
Adams, Carol J. The Pornography of Meat. New York,Continuum, 2003.
Adams, Carol J. The Sexual Politics of Meat: A Feminist-Vegetarian Critical Theory. 20th anniversary ed. New York; London: Continuum, 2010.
Adams, Carol J. and Josephine Donovan, eds. Animals and Women: Feminist Theoretical Explorations. Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 1995.
Bekoff, Marc. “Redecorating Nature: Deep Science, Holism, Feeling, and Heart.” BioScience 50.8 (2000): 635.
Bekoff, Marc. The Animal Manifesto: Six Reasons for Expanding our Compassion Footprint. Novato, Calif.: New World Library, 2010.
Bolton, Andrew, et al. Alexander McQueen: Savage Beauty. New York; New Haven, Conn.: Metropolitan Museum of Art; Distributed by Yale University Press, 2011.
Bradshaw, GA. “You See Me, but You do You Hear Me? The Science and Sensibility of Trans-Species Dialogue.” Feminism and Psychology 20.3 (2010): pp.407-19.
Caldecott, Leonie, and Stephanie Leland. Reclaim the Earth: Women Speak Out for Life on Earth. London: Women’s Press, 1983.
Cavalieri, Paola, and Peter Singer. The Great Ape Project: Equality Beyond Humanity. 1st US ed. New York: St. Martin’s Press, 1994.
Copeland, Marion W. “Literary Animal Studies in 2012: Where We Are, Where We Are Going.” Anthrozoos 25.Supplement (2012): pp. 91-105.
Deckha, Maneesha. “Disturbing Images: PETA and the Feminist Ethics of Animal Advocacy.” Ethics and the Environment 13.2 (2008): pp. 35-76.
DeMello, Margo. Teaching the Animal: Human-Animal Studies Across the Disciplines. New York: Lantern Books, 2010.
Diamond, Irene, and Gloria Feman Orenstein, eds. Reweaving the World: The Emergence of Ecofeminism. San Francisco: Sierra Club Books, 1990.
Donovan, Josephine, and Carol J. Adams. The Feminist Care Tradition in Animal Ethics: A Reader. New York: Columbia University Press, 2007.
Donovan, Josephine. “Animal Rights and Feminist Theory.” Beyond Animal Rights: A Feminist Caring Ethic for the Treatment of Animals. Eds. Josephine Donovan and Carol J. Adams. New York: Continuum, 1996. pp. 34-54.
Dunayer, Joan. Animal Equality: Language and Liberation. Derwood, Md.: Ryce Pub., 2001.
Estés, Clarissa Pinkola. Women Who Run with the Wolves: Myths and Stories of the Wild Woman Archetype. 1st Ballantine Books. New York: Ballantine Books, 1995.
Evans, Caroline. “Fashion: Alexander McQueen.” 032c 7.Summer (2004).
Evans, Caroline. Fashion at the Edge: Spectacle, Modernity & Deathliness. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2003.
Francione, Gary L. Rain Without Thunder: The Ideology of the Animal Rights Movement. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1996.
Gaard, Greta Claire. Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1993.
Gaard, Greta Claire “Feminist Animal Studies in the U.S.: Bodies Matter.” DEP Deportate, Esuli e Profughe Rivista Telemática di Studi Sulla Memoria Femminile 20 (2012): pp. 14-21.
Gaard, Greta Claire “Speaking of Animal Bodies.” Hypatia 27.3 (2012): pp. 519-26.
Gaard, Greta Claire “Vegetarian Ecofeminism: A Review Essay.” Frontiers 23.3 (2002): 117-46.
Gaarder, Emily. Women and the Animal Rights Movement. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press, 2011.
Gerbasi, Kathleen C., et al. “Doctoral Dissertations in Human-Animal Studies: News and Views.” Society and Animals 10.4 (2002): pp. 339-46.
Gruen, Lori, and Kari Weil. “Animal Others. Editors’ Introduction.” Hypatia 27.3 (2012): pp. 477-689.
Hogan, Linda, Deena Metzger, and Brenda Peterson. Intimate Nature: The Bond between Women and Animals. 1st ed. New York: Fawcett Columbine, 1998.
Homer. Iliad. Tran. Ian Johnston. Arlington, VI: Richer, 2006.
Hume, Marion. “McQueen’s Theatre of Cruelty.” The Independent, Online ed., sec. Fashion: 21 October 1993.
Kemmerer, Lisa. Sister Species: Women, Animals and Social Justice. Urbana, Chicago, and Springfield: University of Illinois Press, 2011.
Lappe, Anna. Diet for a Hot Planet: The Climate Crisis at the End of Your Fork and what You can do about it. New York: Bloomsbury, 2010.
McKibben, Bill. “The Only Way to have a Cow.” Orion Magazine March/April (2010).
McMichael, Anthony J., et al. “Food, Livestock Production, Energy, Climate Change, and Health.” The Lancet 370 (2007): pp. 1253-63.
Midgley, Mary. Animals and Why they Matter. Harmondsworth, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1983. Pelican Books.
Oliver, Kelly. “What is Wrong with (Animal) Rights?” Journal of Speculative Philosophy 22.3 (2008): pp. 214-24.
Plumwood, Val. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. London; New York: Routledge, 1993.
Puleo, Alicia H. “Derechos versus contextualismo: Personas, simios y la ética Ecofeminista.” Laguna, Revista de Filosofía.7 (2000): pp. 353-7.
Regan, Tom. The Case for Animal Rights. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2004.
Robredo Zugasti, Eduardo. “Victimas de la moda.” El Catoblepas 22.4 (2003)
Shapiro, Kenneth J., and Marion W. Copeland. “The State of Human-Animal Studies.” Society and Animals 18 (2010): pp. 307-18.
Singer, Peter, and Paula Casal. “El Proyecto Gran Simio y el concepto de persona.” Laguna, Revista de Filosofía 7 (2000): pp. 333-47.
Singer, Peter. Animal Liberation: A New Ethics for Our Treatment of Animals. New York: Random House, 1975.
Smith, Joan. “McQueen had a Sinister View of Women’s Bodies.” The Independent, Online ed. Sunday 14 February 2010.
UNEP/WMO. Integrated Assessment of Black Carbon and Tropospheric Ozone: Summary for Decision Makers, 2012.
Warkentin, Traci. “Interspecies Etiquette: An Ethics of Paying Attention to Animals.” Ethics and the Environment 15.1 (2010): pp. 101-21.
Descargas
Estadísticas
Publicado
Cómo citar
Número
Sección
Licencia
Derechos de autor 2013 Diana Villanueva Romero
Esta obra está bajo una licencia internacional Creative Commons Atribución 4.0.
