Feminismo/s

Otro grito de Cassandra: la “benevolencia universal” como praxis ecofeminista en Mary Wollstonecraft

Margarita Carretero González

Resumen

Incluso antes de que la publicación de las Cartas escritas durante una corta estancia en Suecia, Noruega y Dinamarca (1796) dieran a conocer el lado ecologista del feminismo de Mary Wollstonecraft, en sus trabajos anteriores ya se había mostrado como una defensora de la transformación de las estructuras de poder a través de la práctica de la benevolencia universal hacia todas las criaturas. Al reivindicar la función decisiva de las madres en la educación de sus hijos, Wollstonecraft expresa su esperanza en que las mujeres realmente puedan cambiar las estructuras de poder que regulan las relaciones entre los géneros y las distintas especies. Utilizando la metáfora preferida de Laurence Buell, defiendo en este artículo que las obras de Mary Wollstonecraft pueden leerse como palimpsestos tempranos del pensamiento ecofeminista.

Palabras clave

Wollstonecraft, Mary; Afectos privados vs. benevolencia universal; Discurso de la sensibilidad; Economía capitalista; Ética del cuidado

Referencias

Bowerbank, Sylvia. “The Bastille of Nature: Mary Wollstonecraft and Ecological Feminism”, in Anka Ryall and Catherine Sandbach-Dahlstrom (eds.): Mary Wollstonecraft’s Journey to Scandinavia: Essays. Stockholm, Almqvist & Wiksell International, 2003, pp. 165-184.

Bowerbank, Sylvia. Speaking for Nature. Women and Ecologies of Early Modern England. Baltimore and London, The John Hopkins University Press, 2004.

Brown, Laura. “The Lady, the Lapdog, and Literary Alterity”. The Eighteenth Century 52.1 (Spring 2011), pp. 31-45.

Daston, Lorraine. “The Nature of Nature in Early Modern Europe”. Configurations 6.2 (Spring 1998), pp. 149-178.

Favret, Mary A. “Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark: Traveling with Mary Wollstonecraft”, in Claudia L. Johnson (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Mary Wollstonecraft, pp. 209-227.

Gaard, Greta. “New Directions for Ecofeminism: Toward a More Feminist Ecocriticism”. Interdisciplinary Studies in Literature and Environment 17.4 (Autumn 2010), pp. 643-665.

Gilligan, Carol. In a Different Voice: Psychological Theory and Women’s Development. Cambridge, MA., Harvard University Press, 1982.

Gordon, Lyndall. Vindication. A Life of Mary Wollstonecraft. London, Virago Press, 2006.

Johnson, Claudia L. (ed.). The Cambridge Companion to Mary Wollstonecraft. Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2002.

— Johnson, Claudia L. “Introduction”, in Claudia L. Johnson (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Mary Wollstonecraft, pp. 1-6.

Myers, Mitzi. “Mary Wollstonecraft’s Literary Reviews”, in Claudia L. Johnson (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Mary Wollstonecraft, pp. 82-98.

Noddings, Nel. Caring: A Feminine Approach to Ethics and Moral Education. Berkeley, CA., University of California Press, 1984.

Noddings, Nel. Starting at Home: Caring and Social Policy. Berkeley, CA., University of California Press, 2002.

Plumwood, Val. Feminism and the Mastery of Nature. London, Routledge, 1993.

Radcliffe, Evan. “Revolutionary Writing, Moral Philosophy and Universal Benevolence in the Eighteenth Century”. Journal of the History of Ideas 54.2 (April 1993), pp. 221-240.

Richardson, Alan. “Mary Wollstonecraft on Education”, in Claudia L. Johnson (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Mary Wollstonecraft, pp. 24-41.

Robinson, Fiona. Globalizing Care: Ethics, Feminist Theory, and International Relations. Boulder CO., Westview Press, 1999.

Ruddick, Sara. Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace. Boston, MA. Beacon Press, 1989.

Stuart, Tristram. The Bloodless Revolution. Radical Vegetarians and the Discovery of India. London, Harper Press, 2006.

Taylor, Barbara. “The religious foundations of Mary Wollstonecraft’s feminism”, in Claudia L. Johnson (ed.): The Cambridge Companion to Mary Wollstonecraft, pp. 99-118.

Thomas, Keith. Man and the Natural World. Changing Attitudes in England 1500-1800. Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1984.

Todd, Janet (ed.): The Collected Letters of Mary Wollstonecraft. New York, Columbia University Press, 2003.

Tomalin, Claire. The Life and Death of Mary Wollstonecraft. London, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1974.

Wollstonecraft, Mary. Thoughts on the Education of Daughters: With Reflections on Female Conduct, in the More Important Duties of Life. London, Joseph Johnson, 1787.

Wollstonecraft, Mary. Original Stories from Real Life; with Conversations, Calculated to Regulate the Affections and Form the Mind to Truth and Goodness. A New Edition. London, Joseph Johnson, 1796.

Wollstonecraft, Mary. Letters Written During a Short Residence in Sweden, Norway, and Denmark. 2nd Edition. London, Joseph Johnson, 1802.

Wollstonecraft, Mary. A Vindication of the Rights of Men. A Vindication of the Rights of Woman. An Historical and Moral View of the French Revolution. Edited with an introduction by Janet Todd. Oxford, O.U.P., 1993.

Woolf, Virginia. The Second Common Reader. San Diego, New York and London, Harvest, 1986.

Woster, Donald. Nature’s Economy: A History of Ecological Ideas. 2nd Edition Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 1994.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.14198/fem.2013.22.12





Copyright (c) 2013 Margarita Carretero González

Licencia de Creative Commons
Este obra está bajo una licencia de Creative Commons Reconocimiento 4.0 Internacional.